Redefining Education for the Modern World: Lessons from Past and Present
Education has always been about equipping youth with the skills they need to thrive in their era. Yet, as our world rapidly evolves, we must question whether our education system adequately prepares students for the challenges of today. In recent weeks, we've explored various educational systems, past and present, seeking insights to shape the future of learning. As we venture into a new era, we have much to learn from the experiences of countries, cultures, and religions. Barbara Marx Hubbard's concept of Conscious Evolution reminds us of the importance of envisioning our future collectively. With divergent views on our educational goals, how can we design a system that truly serves our children and aligns with the demands of the modern world? Join us on this journey of exploration and co-creation as we seek to learn from some of our ancient religions as we forge ahead in the effort to redefine education for the future.
Hinduism
Hinduism, one of India's major religions, has a rich history that continues to influence their education today. In ancient times, education was guided by a guru or master, who imparted knowledge based on the student's role in the community. Whether studying scriptures, warfare, or community tasks, students received a holistic education focusing on both inner and outer development. This holistic approach emphasised virtues like humility, truthfulness, and self-reliance, fostering respect for all creations. Education took place in ashrams, temples, and homes, with each student assigned a dedicated teacher, which meant that very strong bonds where fostered between teacher and student. A deep reverence for the balance between humans and nature permeated this system, with learning occurring through oral transmission, peer interaction, and meditation. Knowledge was held in high esteem, seen as sacred, and questioning and debating were encouraged as integral parts of the learning process.
Buddhism
Buddhism, originally conceived as an educational system, later evolved into a religion with a profound impact on society. Rooted in moral, mental, and physical development, Buddhist education guides students towards adherence to Sangha rules. Dating back to the 5th century BC, Buddhist education was initially led by Lord Buddha and embraced individuals from all castes, defying the prevailing caste system. Central to this system is the holistic development of personality, encompassing intellectual, moral, physical, and mental growth. Mentorship was fundamental, with students spending 12-20 years under monk tutelage. This lifelong relationship fostered mutual reverence and allowed for the mainly verbal transmission of knowledge, with emphasis on retention, application, and behaviour. Rote learning was common, complemented by teaching methods like debate, discussion, and question-answer sessions. The ultimate goal of Buddhist education is to cultivate wisdom, meditation, and self-introspection, fostering harmony and equality. In the curriculum, primary education covered basic subjects, while secondary education delved deeper into philosophy, religion, medicine, and commerce-related topics. Today, the Buddhist education system continues to influence society, promoting holistic development and wisdom attainment.
Christianity
Within Christianity's diverse denominations, identifying a singular method of education proves challenging. Yet, delving into the teachings of Jesus reveals clear instructional approaches used to convey early Christian messages. Jesus adeptly utilised storytelling to bring spiritual truths to life, ensuring relevance and memorability for his audience. He engaged in questioning to stimulate debate and discussion, encouraging active participation and deeper understanding. Leading by example, Jesus walked alongside his followers, embodying the principles he preached. Repetition was key, with Jesus presenting the same lessons in varied contexts in order to make the learning accessible for all, irrelevant of learning style. He seized teachable moments, embracing interruptions as opportunities for learning. Moreover, Jesus advocated for experiential learning, emphasising the importance of learning by doing and making learning relevant for purpose.
Islam
Learning in the Islamic world flourished across diverse educational institutions, including the ḥalqah, or study circle; the maktab (kuttab), or elementary school; palace schools; bookshops; literary salons; and colleges like the meshed, the masjid, and the madrasa. While each institution had its unique characteristics, they shared a common curriculum. The ḥalqah, typically held in mosques, emphasised lectures and memorisation, with teachers revered as scholarly authorities. Students often travelled great distances to study under renowned teachers. Elementary schools, which existing before Islam, shifted focus to religious learning after its introduction. Palace schools, catering to elite pupils, offered a comprehensive education encompassing academic subjects alongside social and cultural studies. Led by muʾaddibs, instructors in etiquette, these schools cultivated refined manners and intellectual pursuits, extending education beyond elementary years.
The exploration of various education systems and early religious teachings reveals a common thread of reciprocal learning and respect between students and teachers. Embracing the idea that students possess unique skills and knowledge fosters an environment where learning becomes a collaborative endeavour. The concept of Ako in Māori culture beautifully illustrates this reciprocity in learning.
Despite the divergent paths of early religions, striking similarities emerge, including the strong teacher-student relationship, reverence for nature, and emphasis on experiential learning through stories and practical application. Reflecting on these shared principles, I am inspired by the notion that different religions ultimately converge toward the same goal of guiding individuals in navigating life. While religion may not have a place in modern education, cultivating tolerance and understanding in our schools can contribute to a kinder and happier world.
I have found it incredibly interesting over the last month to dip my toes into the world of religious education, different cultural methods of passing on knowledge and education systems around the world. Not because I believe that any one of these methods has all of the answers but because I think that in order to move forward and bring about a more Conscious education system it is important to look at where we have been, what works and how we can best utilise these lessons to move forward collectively.
Over the last few weeks I have not only done a huge amount of learning but have also tried hard to integrate some of this learning into my own classroom practice.
What I have found is that students love the opportunity to have a real-life context for their learning. Even something as small as using their new found knowledge of mapping to create a real life treasure hunt for their peers!
I have tried hard to incorporate the idea of reciprocal learning and allowing the students to be the teachers. In this I have marvelled at how they seem to be able to put ideas in such a way that it is understood. I’ve also loved seeing the pride and confidence they gain in themselves when called upon to share their expert knowledge.
Many of these ideas are not new and in many classrooms around the world they are already happening. I truly hope that you have gained some new insights and understandings throughout these last few weeks and have come across some tools that you can utilise in your own classroom.
I would dearly love to hear what resonates with you and how your students have responded to these new methods. Please leave me a comment on facebook or instagram as building a community of like minded educators is incredibly important for the success of both our profession and the students in our care.
Thanks for taking the time to read my post today and I wish you an inspiring week ahead.
Ka kite ano
Natalie
